Channels within soft wheat starch A- and B-type granules

The nature of channels within wheat starch granules was investigated using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. A-type granules stained with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA, protein-specific probe) revealed a network of radially oriented, channel-like protein structures similar to those previously reported. However, treatment of the same starch granules with methanolic merbromin (fluorescent dye) solution, which is used to highlight external granule surfaces (including those of channels) under non-swelling conditions, revealed few, if any, channels extending into the granule interior. This discrepancy suggested that channels within wheat starch granules were filled at least in part with protein. Removal of protein with protease facilitated greater access of methanolic merbromin to channels and/or cavities for both granule types. For A-type starch granules, relatively large channels were observed in the equatorial groove region, while finer channels originated from other regions of the granule. This work reports the first visualization of B-type granule channels, which most frequently occurred as less-defined voids (as opposed to the fine, discrete channels of A-type granules) extending to granule surfaces. Channels of A- and B-type starch granules appeared to facilitate transfer of chemical reagent into the granule matrix, though this effect was aided by granule swelling (hydration) and/or removal of channel-associated protein.     

乌锦颗粒剂的急性毒性与亚慢性毒性试验研究

本研究旨在评价乌锦颗粒剂的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。试验分别以昆明小鼠和Wistar大鼠为研究对象,进行急性毒性试验和亚慢性毒性试验研究。急性毒性试验结果显示,乌锦颗粒剂的半数致死量(LD₅₀)>40 g/kg体重,最大给药量为160 g/kg体重,相当于临床用药量的80倍;在亚慢性毒性试验中,动物一般情况正常,试验组Wistar大鼠增重和饲料消耗量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,高剂量组中雌鼠血清胆红素(T-BIL)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)及雄鼠CREA和肝脏指数均有显著差异(P<0.05),而其他指标与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组Wistar大鼠血常规、血液生化指标和脏器指数与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);病理学检查发现高剂量组Wistar大鼠肝脏出现轻微颗粒变性,其他组Wistar大鼠组织结构清晰正常。结果表明,高剂量的乌锦颗粒剂能抑制肝脏对游离胆红素的摄入及蛋白质的合成;低剂量和中剂量乌锦颗粒剂此作用不明显。综合分析,乌锦颗粒剂临床用药是安全的。     

益气活血冲剂治疗弥漫性轴索损伤对格拉斯哥评分的影响

目的 观察中西医结合治疗弥漫性轴索损伤的疗效,探讨益气活血冲剂口服后对格拉斯哥（Glasgow）计分的影响。方法 将62例弥漫性轴索损伤的患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各31例,对照组采用常规的脱水降低颅内压、止血药物的运用、护脑治疗及维持水电解质的平衡。治疗组在对照组的基础上加用益气活血冲剂口服,两组疗程一个月,治疗后评定疗效。结果 治疗组与对照组治疗前后Glasgow评分组内比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组总显效率平均为75.16%和35.48%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 中西医结合治疗弥漫性轴索损伤有促进患者康复的作用。     

四黄止痢颗粒中六味中药相互配伍对鸡大肠杆菌的作用研究

为了探讨四黄止痢颗粒中六味中药体外相互配伍抗菌活性。采用微管-平板法测定试验药物抗鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),肉汤稀释棋盘法测定四黄止痢颗粒中六味中药相互配伍15个药对抗鸡大肠杆菌的协同指数(SI)及呈现协同作用时组方中各味中药的配比。结果表明：六味中药水提物中,黄连抗鸡大肠杆菌的活性最强,MIC为125 mg/mL;配伍呈现协同作用的药对有4对,其中黄芩与黄柏配伍的SI为0.27,配比为8:1,MIC为31.3 mg/mL;黄芩与黄连配伍,SI为0.63,配比为1:2,MIC为62.5 mg/mL;黄芩与甘草配伍的SI为0.25,配比为1:4,MIC为125 mg/mL;黄芩与大黄配伍的SI为0.38,配比为1:2,MIC为125 mg/mL。本试验依据体外联合抗菌活性获得4对中药配比,为四黄止痢颗粒复方的拆方研究奠定基础。     

高效液相色谱法测定消浊通淋颗粒中槲皮素和山奈素的含量

[目的]建立消浊通淋颗粒中槲皮素和山奈素含量的测定方法。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为岛津VP-ODS c（250.0mm×4.6 mm5,μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液（48∶52）,流速为1.1 ml/min,检测波长为360 nm。[结果]槲皮素在0.075 2～0.270 5μg范围内呈现良好线性关系,加样回收率为99.5%,RSD为0.30%（n=6）;山奈素在0.113 0～0.406 8μg范围内呈现良好线性关系,加样回收率为99.7%,RSD为0.34%（n=6）。[结论]高效液相色谱法测定消浊通淋颗粒中槲皮素和山奈素的含量操作简单、准确、重复性好、精密度高,可以作为消浊通淋颗粒的质量控制方法。     

LH Plays a Role to Enhance the Nuclear and Cytoplasm Synchronization During In vitro Maturation of Ovine Oocytes

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of luteinizing hormone (LH) on maturation and fertilization in vitro of ovine oocytes.The ovine oocytes were cultured in vitro in medium with or without LH,and then checked by confocal laser scanning microscope to observe the distribution of cortical granules stained with FITC-LCA during different maturation periods.Similarly,some in vitro matured oocytes were also fertilized in vitro for analysis of their developmental potentiality further.After being cultured in vitro for 4 h,there were significant differences about the rate of germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) between the treatment (with LH) and the control groups (without any hormones) (36.76% vs 18%,P<0.05).Further,there were also significant differences of the cleavage and blastocyst rates between these two groups (67.15% vs 42.37%,21.9% vs 12.71%,P<0.05,respectively).The distribution of cortical granules appeared to spread from the edges to the central site of sheep oocytes following their delaying durations of maturation in vitro.It can be concluded that LH may play a role to delay the occurence of GVBD,prolong the maturation duration of cytoplasm,and enhance the nuclear and cytoplasm synchronization of ovine oocytes matured in vitro and finally improve their in vitro developmental potentiality.     

降糖灵颗粒成型工艺的研究

〔摘要〕目的筛选出最佳的降糖灵颗粒剂成型工艺条件〔方法采用单因素考察方法,以其成型性、溶化性、吸 湿性等为评价指标,筛选出其处方中加入辅料的种类、配比及最佳的成型工艺条件、结果确定最佳成型工艺条件 为干浸膏粉与辅料的比例为2:3,用50Ic PVPk 加入90%乙醇溶液制颗粒,其用量为320Ic-360Ic〔结论降糖灵颗粒 的优化成型工艺合理、可行、     

密蒙花颗粒的急性毒性实验研究

目的 观察密蒙花颗粒对小鼠的急性毒性反应及死亡情况,为临床应用安全性提供依据。方法 将30只小鼠分别用不同浓度及最大浓度密蒙花颗粒混悬液灌胃进行预实验,观察7 d未见小鼠死亡,无法测出LD₅₀,故进行最大耐受量（MTD）的测定。将40只小鼠随机分为给药组和空白对照组,根据小鼠可承受的最大体积分别用最大混悬浓度的密蒙花颗粒和蒸馏水1 d内灌胃2次,连续观察14 d,每天记录小鼠的一般状况、体质量,14 d后处死动物,测定小鼠的血常规指标,肝、脾、肾等主要脏器指数,观察解剖学及病理组织学改变情况。结果 给药组小鼠无死亡,与空白对照组比较,给药组小鼠的体质量变化无显著差异（P>0.05）,血常规指标与空白对照组亦无显著差异（P>0.05）,小鼠密蒙花颗粒日最大耐受量为114 g/kg。结论 急性毒性结果表明,密蒙花颗粒临床常用量是安全的。     

密蒙花颗粒对亚慢性毒性实验中SD大鼠血液生化指标的分析

目的 观察密蒙花颗粒对SD大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用及其血液生化指标变化情况。方法 80只SD大鼠随机分为4组（雌雄各半）,即空白对照组及密蒙花颗粒低、中、高剂量组,进行为期3个月的亚慢性毒理实验,其中3个给药组分别将密蒙花颗粒23.75 g、45 g、95 g溶于100 mL生理盐水中,灌胃体积为20 mL/kg,空白对照组予以同等灌胃体积生理盐水灌胃,观察各实验组及对照组血常规、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、尿素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、血钾、血钠、血氯、肌酸激酶等指标变化情况,从而进一步评价密蒙花颗粒对SD大鼠血液系统、肝脏、肾脏、心脏等的毒性作用。结果 密蒙花颗粒对SD大鼠血液生化相关指标无不良影响。结论 密蒙花颗粒对SD大鼠血液生化指标无明显慢性毒性反应,可在临床推广应用。     

Study on the TLC Identification of Effective Components in the Sihuangzhili Granules

In order to establish and perfect the quality standard of Sihuangzhili granules, this experiment was conducted to identify coptidis rhizome, cortex phellodendri, rhubarb, scutellaria baicalensis, and radix isatidis in Sihuangzhili granules. We used TLC identification method to investigate the factors such as the developing agent, the expansion temperature, the expansion of the humidity, the source of the thin layer, the batch number and the color developing conditions.In the experiment, the mixture of cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, water, and triethylamine (3∶3.5∶1∶1.5∶0.5∶1) as the developing agent, was put into the expansion cylinder with the pre-saturated ammonia vapor, and was used to identify coptidis rhizome and cortex phellodendri under the UV lamp(365 nm);The mixture of ethyl acetate, butanone, formic acid and water (5∶3∶1∶1) as developing agent, sprayed with 2% ethanol solution of ferric chloride, was used to identify scutellaria baicalensis;At last, n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (19∶5∶5) as developing agent, dried and sprayed with indene ketone solution, heated at 105 ℃, was used to identify radix isatidis. The test results showed that under the test condition, the target spot was clear, with no tail, and the experiments were specifically suited in this test with strong specificity and good reproducibility.